Why do human beings move? In this lucid portrayal of human behavior, Fred Dretske provides an original account of the way reasons function in the causal explanation of behavior. Biological science investigates what makes our bodies move in the way they do. Psychology is interested in why persons - agents with reasons -move in the way they do. Dretske attempts to reconcile these different points of view by showing how reasons operate in a world of causes. He reveals in detail how the character of our inner states - what we believe, desire, and intend - determines what we do.

1 The Structure of Behavior

1.1 Internal and External Causes

1.2 Action and Behavior

1.3 Plant and Machine Behavior

1.4 Movements and Movings

1.5 The Primary Cause of Change

1.6 Facets of Behavior

2 Behavior as Process

2.1 Processes

2.2 Causes and Effects of Behavior

2.3 Causes of Plant and Machine Behavior

3 Representational Systems

3.1 Conventional Systems of Representation: Type I

3.2 Natural Signs and Information

3.3 Conventional Systems of Representation: Type II

3.4 Natural Systems of Representation

3.5 Intentionality: Misrepresentation7

3.6 Intentionality: Reference and Sense

3.7 Summary

4 The Explanatory Role of Belief

4.1 The Causal Role of Meaning

4.2 Why Machines Behave the Way They Do

4.3 Explaining Instinctive Behavior

4.4 Putting Information to Work: Learning

5 Motivation and Desire

5.1 Goal-Directed Behavior

5.2 Goal-Intended Behavior

5.3 Drives and Desires

5.4 The Intentionality of Desire

5.5 The Plasticity of Purposeful Behavior

6 The Interactive Nature of Reasons

6.1 Choice, Preference, and Decision

6.2 New Means to Old Ends

6.3 New Ends

6.4 Cognitive Holism 
 

Fred Dretske is Senior Research Scholar in the Department of Philosophy, Duke University.

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