The last half of the twentieth century witnessed dramatic changes in the theory of vision. In particular, the "eye-as-camera" metaphor that had long dominated the field no longer seemed tenable. Somewhat surprisingly, however, the metaphor has maintained its appeal in the study of pictures. In Looking into Pictures, philosophers, psychologists, and art historians explore the implications of recent theories of vision for our understanding of the nature of pictorial representation and picture perception. They examine the dual nature of picture perception, the fact that viewers must separate the visual properties of the picture itself from those of what the picture represents. Discussing the status of perspective, they ask whether perspective renderings of space are special or more accurate than those found in other types of pictures, and if so why. Finally, they consider the possible need to reconceive pictorial space and the implications of such a reconception for the study of picture perception.

I. The Dual Nature of Picture Perception 1

1 In Defense of Seeing-In
Richard Wollheim 3

2 Conjoint Representations and the Mental Capacity for Multiple Simultaneous Perspectives
Rainer Mausfeld 17

3 Relating Direct and Indirect Perception of Spatial Layout
H.A. Sedgwick 61

4 The Dual Nature of Picture Perception: A Challenge to Current General Accounts of Visual Perception
Reinhard Nieder? and Dieter Heyer 77

5 Perceptual Strategies and Pictorial Content
Mark Rollins 99

II. The Status of Perspective 123

6 Optical Laws or Symbolic Rules? The Dual Nature of Pictorial Systems
John Willats 125

7 Perspective, Convention, and Compromise
Robert Hopkins 145

8 Resemblance Reconceived
Klaus Sachs-Hombach 167

9 What You See Is What You Get: The Problems of Linear Perspective
Klaus Rehk?per 179

10 Pictures of Perspective: Theory or Therapy?
Patrick Maynard 191

III. The Nature and Structure of Reconceived Pictorial 213

11 Reconceiving Perceptual Space
James E. Cutting 215

12 Pictorial Space
Jan J. Koenderink and Andrea J. van Doorn 239

13 Truth and Meaning in Pictorial Space
Sheena Rogers 301

14 Line and Borders of Surfaces: Grouping and Foreshortening
John M. Kennedy, Igor Juricevic and Juan Bai 321

15 Irreconcilable Views
Hermann Kalkofen 
 

Heiko Hecht is Research Fellow at the Man-Vehicle Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Robert Schwartz is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. He is the author of Vision: Variations on Some Berkeleian Themes and other books. He is a coeditor of Looking into Pictures: Reconceiving Pictorial Space (MIT Press, 2003).

Margaret Atherton is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

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