This highly original monograph treats movement operations within the Minimalist Program. Jairo Nunes argues that traces are not grammatical primitives and that their properties follow from deeper features of the system, and, in particular, that the phonetic realization of traces is determined by linearization computations coupled with economy conditions regarding deletion. He proposes a version of the copy theory of movement according to which movement must be construed as a description of the interaction of the independent operations Copy, Merge, Form Chain, and Chain Reduction. Empirical evidence to support this claim includes instances of "sideward movement" between subtrees in a derivation. According to this analysis, the linearization of chains in the phonological component constrains sideward movement so that it is possible to account for standard properties of multiple gap constructions, including parasitic gap and ATB constructions, without construction-specific operations or principles that are not independently motivated. Theoretical linguists will find Linearization of Chains and Sideward Movement of great interest both theoretically and empirically. The version of the copy theory of movement proposed by Nunes will stir debate and shape future research in the field.

1 Linearization and Phonetic Realization of Chains 7

1.1 Introduction 7

1.2 Advantages of the Copy Theory of Movement 10

1.3 Traces and the Linear Correspondence Axiom 15

1.4 Traces and Phonetic Realization 17

1.5 Linearization of Chains and Phonetic Realization of Chain Links 22

1.6 Remnant Movement 50

1.7 Conclusion 62

2 Traces, Uninterpretable Features, and Accessibility to the Computational System 65

2.1 Introduction 65

2.2 Traces and Uninterpretable Features 67

2.3 Traces and Accessibility to the Computational System 75

2.4 Conclusion 84

3 The Copy + Merge Theory and Sideward Movement 87

3.1 Introduction: The Copy + Merge Theory of Movement 87

3.2 Conditions on Chain Formation 91

3.3 Sideward Movement 93

3.4 Parasitic Gaps 95

3.5 Across-the-Board Extraction 127

3.6 Differences between Parasitic Gap and Across-the-Board Extraction Constructions 135

3.7 Directionality of Sideward Movement and Cyclic Access to the Numeration 139

3.8 Sideward Movement and Cyclicity of Merge 144

3.9 Further Extensions 155

3.10 Conclusion 158

Conclusion 161

Notes 163

References 183

Index

Jairo Nunes is Associate Professor of Linguistics at the State University of Campinas, Brazil.

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