Using data from cultures and languages throughout the world to highlight both similarities and differences in human languages?this book explores the many interconnections among language, culture, and communicative meaning. It examines the multi-faceted meanings and uses of language and emphasizes the ways that language encapsulates speakers' meanings and intentions. Includes new section on Narratives (Ch. 4) and Language Ideologies (Ch. 13). Features Interactional, situational, and social functions of languages. > For anyone interested in Language and Culture, Anthropological Linguistics, and Language and Communication.

Table of Contents (NOTE: Summary and References conclude each chapter.) 1. Introduction. 2. The Form of the Message. Phonology: The Sounds of Language. Morphology: The Structure of Words. Syntax: The Structure of Sentences. Semantics: The Analysis of Meaning. Manual Language. Nonverbal Communication. 3. Language and Cultural Meaning. Foundations of Linguistics Anthropology. Lexical and Cultural Categories. Cultural Presupposition. Extended and Transferred Meaning. 4. Contextual Components: Outline of an Ethnography of Communication. Ethnography of Communication. Settings. Participants. Topics and Goals. Speech Acts. Narratives. Routines. 5. Communicative Interactions. Structural Properties of Conversation. Conversational Postulates. Directives and Responses in Context. Politeness. 6. Societal Segmentation and Linguistic Variation: Class and Race. Social Stratification. Caste. Class. Race. 7. Language and Gender: English and English-Speakers. Pronunciation. Grammatical Variants. Choices of Vocabulary. Gender-Related Conversational Styles. Gender-Bias in English. 8. Cross-Cultural Studies of Language and Gender. Gender-Exclusive Patterns. Linguistic and Stylistic Preferences. Images of Gender in Linguistic Form. 9. Learning Language. Acquisition of Language. Complex Grammars. Comparative Evidence. Some Universal Sequences. Instructional Strategies in Other Cultures. 10. The Acquisition of Communicative Competence. Acquiring Communicative Styles. Learning Status and Role. Learning to Converse. 11. Multilingual Nations. India. Canada. United States. 12. Bilingual Communities. Linguistic Change. Language Use in Bilingual Communities. The International Dominance of English. Bilingual Conversational Strategies. Interethnic Miscommunication. 13. Language and Institutional Encounters. Language Ideologies. Language and Status. Institutional Contexts. Education. Medical Encounters. Legal Settings. The Media. Glossary. Index.

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