A vibrant Shakespeare that brings readers closer than ever before possible to Shakespeare's plays as they were first acted. The Norton Shakespeare, Based on the Oxford Edition invites readers to rediscover Shakespearethe working man of the theater, not the universal bard-and to rediscover his plays as scripts to be performed, not works to be immortalized. Combining the freshly edited texts of the Oxford Edition with lively introductions by Stephen Greenblatt and his co-editors, glossaries and annotations, and an elegant single-column page (that of the Norton Anthologies), this edition of Shakespeare invites contemporary readers to see and read Shakespeare afresh. Greenblatt's full introduction creates a window into Shakespeare world-the culture, demographics, commerce, politics, and religion of early-modern EnglandShakespeare's family background and professional life, the Elizabethan industries of theater and printing, and the subsequent centuries of Shakespeare textual editing.
General Introduction, by Stephen Greenblatt
I. SHAKESPEARE'S WORLD
Life and Death
Wealth
Imports, Patents, and Monopolies
Haves and Have-Nots
Riot and Disorder
The Legal Status of Women
Women and Print
Henry VIII and the English Reformation
Henry VIII's Three Children: Edward, Mary, and Elizabeth
The English Bible
A Female Monarch in a Male World
The Kingdom in Danger
The English and Otherness
James I and the Union of the Crowns
The Jacobean Court
James's Religious Policy and the Persecution of Witches
II. THE PLAYING FIELD
Cosmic Spectacles
Music and Dance
Alternative Entertainments
The Enemies of the Stage
Censorship and Regulation
Theatrical Innovations
III. SHAKESPEARE'S LIFE AND ART
Shakespeare's Family
Education
Traces of a Life
Portrait of the Playwright as Young Provincial
The Theater of the Nation
Shakespeare Comes to London
The Shakespearean Trajectory
The Fetishism of Dress
The Paradoxes of Identity
The Poet of Nature
The Play of Language
IV. THE DREAM OF THE MASTER TEXT
Shakespeare and the Printed Book
From Foul to Fair: The Making of the Printed Play
The Oxford Shakespeare
The Norton Shakespeare
The Complete Works
THE TWO GENTLEMEN OF VERONA
THE TAMING OF THE SHREW
THE FIRST PART OF THE CONTENTION OF THE TWO FAMOUS HOUSES OF YORK AND
LANCASTER (2 HENRY VI)
THE TRUE TRAGEDY OF RICHARD DUKE OF YORK AND THE GOOD KING HENRY THE
SIXTH (3 HENRY VI)
THE MOST LAMENTABLE TRAGEDY OF TITUS ANDRONICUS
THE FIRST PART OF HENRY THE SIXTH
THE TRAGEDY OF RICHARD THE THIRD
VENUS AND ADONIS
THE RAPE OF LUCRECE
THE COMEDY OF ERRORS
LOVE'S LABOUR'S LOST
LOVE'S LABOUR'S WON: A BRIEF ACCOUNT
A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM
THE MOST EXCELLENT AND LAMENTABLE TRAGEDY OF ROMEO AND JULIET
THE TRAGEDY OF KING RICHARD THE SECOND
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF KING JOHN
THE COMICAL HISTORY OF THE MERCHANT OF VENICE, OR OTHERWISE CALLED THE
JEW OF VENICE
THE HISTORY OF HENRY THE FOURTH (1 HENRY IV)
THE MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR
THE SECOND PART OF HENRY THE FOURTH
MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING
THE LIFE OF HENRY THE FIFTH
THE TRAGEDY OF JULIUS CAESAR
AS YOU LIKE IT
THE TRAGEDY OF HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARK
TWELFTH NIGHT, OR WHAT YOU WILL
TROILUS AND CRESSIDA
SONNETS AND LOVER'S COMPLAINT?BR>VARIOUS POEMS
SIR THOMAS MORE: PASSAGES ATTRIBUTED TO SHAKESPEARE
MEASURE FOR MEASURE
THE TRAGEDY OF OTHELLO, THE MOOR OF VENICE
ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL
THE LIFE OF TIMON OF ATHENS
THE HISTORY OF KING LEAR: THE QUARTO TEXT
THE TRAGEDY OF KING LEAR: THE FOLIO TEXT
THE TRAGEDY OF KING LEAR: A CONFLATED TEXT
THE TRAGEDY OF MACBETH
THE TRAGEDY OF ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA
PERICLES, PRINCE OF TYRE: A RECONSTRUCTED TEXT
THE TRAGEDY OF CORIOLANUS
THE WINTER'S TALE
CYMBELINE, KING OF BRITAIN
THE TEMPEST
CARDENIO: A BRIEF ACCOUNT
ALL IS TRUE (HENRY VIII)
THE TWO NOBLE KINSMEN
Appendices
THE SHAKESPEAREAN STAGE, by Andrew Gurr
Publication by Performance
The Shakespearian Mindset
London Playgoing and the Law
The Design of the Globe
The Original Staging Techniques
Shakespeare's Companies and Their Playhouses
A FUNERAL ELEGY BY W. S., edited by Donald Foster
CONTEMPORARY DOCUMENTS
Robert Greene on Shakespeare, 1592
Thomas Nashe on 1 Henry VI, 1592
Henry Chettle on Greene and Shakespeare, 1592
Gesta Grayorum on Comedy of Errors, December 28, 1594
Francis Meres on Shakespeare, 1598
Parnassus Plays on Shakespeare, 1598~601
Epilogue to the Queen, possibly by Shakespeare, 1599
John Weever on Shakespeare, 1599
Thomas Platter on Julius Caesar, September 21, 1599
Gabriel Harvey on Hamlet, Venus and Adonis, and Lucrece, 1598?603
Contract for the Building of the Fortune Theatre, 1600
Augustine Phillips, Francis Bacon, et al. on Richard II, February 1601
John Manningham on Twelfth Night and Richard III, 1602
Letters Patent formalizing the adoption of the Chamberlain's as the King's Men, May 19, 1603
Master of the Wardrobe's Account, March 1604
Henry Jackson on Othello, September 1610
Simon Forman on Macbeth, Cymbeline, and The Winter's Tale, 1611
Chamber Account of Performances by the King's Men, 1613
Sir Henry Wotton on All is True (Henry VIII) and the Burning of the Globe, 1613
Ballad on the Burning of the Globe, June 30, 1613
Ben Jonson on The Tempest (and Titus Andronicus)
Francis Beaumont on Shakespeare, c. 1615
Shakespeare's Will, March 25, 1616
William Basse's Elegy for Shakespeare, 1616?3
Nicholas Richardson on Romeo and Juliet, 1620
Front Matter from the First Folio of Shakespeare's Plays, 1623
Leonard Digges on Shakespeare, 1623?5
Richard James on Falstaff, c. 1625
Milton on Shakespeare, 1630
Ben Jonson on Shakespeare, 1623?7
John Aubrey on Shakespeare, 1681
A SHAKESPEAREAN CHRONICLE, 1558?616
GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
GLOSSARY OF STAGE AND PRINTING TERMS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
INDEX
Table of Contents by Genre
Comedies
THE TWO GENTLEMEN OF VERONA
THE TAMING OF THE SHREW
THE COMEDY OF ERRORS
LOVE'S LABOUR'S LOST
A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM
THE COMICAL HISTORY OF THE MERCHANT OF VENICE, OR OTHERWISE CALLED THE
JEW OF VENICE
THE MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR
MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING
AS YOU LIKE IT
TWELFTH NIGHT, OR WHAT YOU WILL
TROILUS AND CRESSIDA
MEASURE FOR MEASURE
ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL
THE TWO NOBLE KINSMEN
Histories
THE FIRST PART OF THE CONTENTION OF THE TWO FAMOUS HOUSES OF YORK AND
LANCASTER (2 HENRY VI)
THE TRUE TRAGEDY OF RICHARD DUKE OF YORK AND THE GOOD KING HENRY THE
SIXTH (3 HENRY VI)
THE FIRST PART OF HENRY THE SIXTH
THE TRAGEDY OF RICHARD THE THIRD
THE TRAGEDY OF KING RICHARD THE SECOND
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF KING JOHN
THE HISTORY OF HENRY THE FOURTH (1 HENRY IV)
THE SECOND PART OF HENRY THE FOURTH
THE LIFE OF HENRY THE FIFTH
ALL IS TRUE (HENRY VIII)
Tragedies
THE MOST LAMENTABLE TRAGEDY OF TITUS ANDRONICUS
THE MOST EXCELLENT AND LAMENTABLE TRAGEDY OF ROMEO AND JULIET
THE TRAGEDY OF JULIUS CAESAR
THE TRAGEDY OF HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARK
THE TRAGEDY OF OTHELLO, THE MOOR OF VENICE
THE LIFE OF TIMON OF ATHENS
THE HISTORY OF KING LEAR: THE QUARTO TEXT
THE TRAGEDY OF KING LEAR: THE FOLIO TEXT
THE TRAGEDY OF MACBETH
THE TRAGEDY OF ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA
THE TRAGEDY OF CORIOLANUS
Romances
PERICLES, PRINCE OF TYRE: A RECONSTRUCTED TEXT
THE WINTER'S TALE
CYMBELINE, KING OF BRITAIN
THE TEMPEST
Poetry
VENUS AND ADONIS
THE RAPE OF LUCRECE
SONNETS AND LOVER'S COMPLAINT
VARIOUS POEMS
SIR THOMAS MORE: PASSAGES ATTRIBUTED TO SHAKESPEARE
Lost Plays
LOVE'S LABOUR'S WON: A BRIEF ACCOUNT
CARDENIO: A BRIEF ACCOUNT
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in April 1564, and his birth is traditionally celebrated on April 23. The facts of his life, known from surviving documents, are sparse. He was one of eight children born to John Shakespeare, a merchant of some standing in his community. William probably went to the King's New School in Stratford, but he had no university education. In November 1582, at the age of eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway, eight years his senior, who was pregnant with their first child, Susanna. She was born on May 26, 1583. Twins, a boy, Hamnet ( who would die at age eleven), and a girl, Judith, were born in 1585. By 1592 Shakespeare had gone to London working as an actor and already known as a playwright. A rival dramatist, Robert Greene, referred to him as "an upstart crow, beautified with our feathers." Shakespeare became a principal shareholder and playwright of the successful acting troupe, the Lord Chamberlain's Men (later under James I, called the King's Men). In 1599 the Lord Chamberlain's Men built and occupied the Globe Theater in Southwark near the Thames River. Here many of Shakespeare's plays were performed by the most famous actors of his time, including Richard Burbage, Will Kempe, and Robert Armin. In addition to his 37 plays, Shakespeare had a hand in others, including Sir Thomas More and The Two Noble Kinsmen, and he wrote poems, including Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. His 154 sonnets were published, probably without his authorization, in 1609. In 1611 or 1612 he gave up his lodgings in London and devoted more and more time to retirement in Stratford, though he continued writing such plays as The Tempest and Henry VII until about 1613. He died on April 23 1616, and was buried in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford. No collected edition of his plays was published during his life-time, but in 1623 two members of his acting company, John Heminges and Henry Condell, put together the great collection now called the First Folio.