Complexity studies, though still in their infancy, are controversial. By viewing different systems--whether those in biological, physical, or even social sciences--as a series of interacting "agents," researchers involved in complexity explore a rich and diverse set of phenomena such as self-organization and adaptation. They use these phenomena to model and explain such things as the formation of cities, the behavior of the stock market, and the origin of life.

In this volume, some of the world's leading scientists discuss the role of complexity across all the scientific disciplines. Opinions differ: for some, complexity holds the key to a deeper and fuller understanding of the world about us; to others, it is merely a modern version of the philosophers' stone. For the reader, it provides glimpses and insight into arguably the most exciting approach to science currently available.

Preface Commemoration of recently deceased Pontifical Academicians Otto Creutzfeldt George Speri Sperti Presentation of the new members Acknowledgement speech Acknowledgement speech Acknowledgement speech Acknowledgement speech Acknowledgement speech Pius XI Gold Medal Award Ordre et desordre des Grecs a Galilee et de Galilee aux temps modernes L'Emergence des Structures Information and Complexity: how to measure them Information, Complexity, and Cryptography The Emergence of Order and Complexity in Physics Harmony and Complexity: Order and Chaos in Mechanical Systems Complexity in Science: Models and Metaphors Aspects of Order and Disorder in Complex Solids Relativistic Complexity in Physics The Non-Linear Universe: Creative Processes in the Universe The Epoch of Galaxy Formation Why is the Earth's environment so stable? Biological Complexity Organization, Information, Autopoiesis: from Molecules to Life Chemical Aspects of Evolution Les theories reductionnistes en biologie On the irreducibility of life to chaotic and non-chaotic physical systems Evolution of Complexity of the Brain with the Emergence of Consciousness Levels of Complexity and Levels of Reality: Nature as Trans-Nature First General Commentary Second General Commentary Resume (Summary and General Synthesis) Solemn Papal Audience Address of the Acting President Discours de M. le Cardinal Allocution de Sa Saintete English translation of the Papal Allocution

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