This classic rhetoric-reader-handbook offers a complete course in writing in the rhetorical modes in one comprehensive volume.

PART 1 Getting Started: The Principles of Good Reading and Writing Ch 1 Critical Reading Why Read? Reading for Best Results Tips for Reading Critically Critical Reading in Action Lawrence Downes, “The Shy, Egg-Stealing Neighbor You Didn’t Know You Had” [Annotated professional essay] Strategy Checklist: Reading Critically George Orwell, “A Hanging” Reading Visual Images Tips for Understanding Visuals Reading a Photograph, Drawing, or Advertisement Strategy Checklist: Reading and Interpreting Visuals Dodge, “Nitro Drivers Always Make New ‘Friends’” [Advertisement] Nestle, “Want a Lite Baby Ruth?” [Advertisement] Reading Charts, Graphs, Tables, and Cartoons Reading Web Sites Usefulness and Reliability Tips for Reading and Evaluating Web Sites Strategy Checklist: Reading and Evaluating Web Sites 0 Models of Writing Christopher Caldwell, “Intimate Shopping: Should Everyone Know What You Bought Today?” Ch 2 Active Writing Choosing a Good Topic Setting Limits on a Topic Narrowing a Topic in Stages Determining Your Purpose and Audience Prewriting Strategy Checklist: Prewriting Organizing Ideas Writing Drafts Tips for Writing a Rough Draft Writing at a Computer Tips for Writing at a Computer One Student Writing: First Draft First Draft: John Fousek, “My Roommate” [Student Essay] Strategy Checklist: Getting Started with Writing Ch 3 Finding and Supporting a Thesis Understanding the Thesis Elements of a Good Thesis Tips for Evaluating a Thesis Stating Your Thesis Tips for Developing a Thesis Supporting Your Thesis: Details Using Sensory Details Using Data: Statistics, Cases, and Expert Testimony Student Writing: Thesis and Details Thomas Healey, “You Must Be Crazy!” [Student essay] Clifford Wendell, “The Computer and I” [Student essay] Models of Writing Nicholas D. Kristof, “Love and Race” Langston Hughes, “Salvation” [Story] W. Michael Cox and Richard Alm, “Scientists Are Made, Not Born” Strategy Checklist: Stating and Supporting a Thesis Ch 4 Planning a Paper: Outlining Creating a Rough Outline Tips for Creating a Rough Outline Making a Formal Outline Establishing Main Divisions Adding Supporting Details Formatting a Formal Outline Writing Topic and Sentence Outlines One Student Writing: From Prewriting to Essay Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Ozymandias” [Poem] Prewriting, Rough Outline, Formal Outline, Essay: Alan Benjamin, “Enough Despair to Go Around” [Student essay] Preparing Your Formal Outline Tips for Writing a Formal Outline Strategy Checklist: Preparing a Formal Outline Ch 5 Writing Your Paper: An Overview Writing a Strong Introduction Stating the Thesis Forecasting the Paper Using Different Introductory Strategies Tips for Writing a Strong Introduction Writing the Body Paragraphs Writing Topic Sentences One Student Writing: Topic Sentences Hugh Nicholes, “The Mechanics of Backyard Mechanics” [Student essay] Writing Transitions Developing Paragraphs: Unity and Coherence Tips for Achieving Paragraph Unity Tips for Achieving Paragraph Coherence Writing a Strong Conclusion Tips for Writing a Strong Conclusion Ch 6 Revising, Editing, and Proofreading Your Paper Peer Review: Learning from Other Students One Student Writing: Revising and Editing Intermediate Draft: John Fousek, “My Roommate” [Student Essay] Learning from Your Instructor’s Comments Intermediate Draft with Instructor Comments: John Fousek, “My Roommate” [Student Essay] Proofreading Tips for Careful Proofreading Putting It All Together Strategy Checklist: Revising and Editing Your Drafts One Student Writing: Final Draft Final Draft: John Fousek, “My Roommate, Jim” [Student Essay] A Brief Note on Style PART 2 Methods of Development Ch 7 Description Writing Your Descriptive Paper Tips for Writing a Descriptive Essay Student Writing: Description Nick Fiscina, “Dad’s Disappointment” [Student essay] Gwendolyn Wellington, “A Birth Room” [Student essay] Critical Reading: Description Esmeralda Santiago, “A Blanco Navidad for New Yorikans” [Annotated Professional Essay] Models of Writing Roger Angell, “On the Ball” Joan Didion, “Marrying Absurd” Readings for Writing Dick Feagler, “Willie” Maxine Hong Kingston, "My Mother Has Cooked for Us" Reading and Writing About Poetry Mark Strand, “Black Sea” [Poem] Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Descriptive Paper Writing Topics Crosscurrents Collaborative Learning From Image to Words: A Reading and Writing Assignment Ch 8 Narration Writing Your Narrative Paper Tips for Writing a Narrative Essay Student Writing: Narration Alycia Hatten, “The Death of Santa Claus” [Student essay] Jarrett David Lee Jackson, “My Father’s House” [Student essay] Models of Writing Carol K. Littlebrandt, “Death Is a Personal Matter” Rogelio R. Gomez, “Foul Shots” Readings for Writing Greg Sarris, “‘You Don’t Look Indian’” Kate Chopin, “The Story of an Hour” [Story] Reading and Writing About Poetry Countee Cullen, “Incident” [Poem] Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Narrative Paper Writing Topics Crosscurrents Collaborative Learning From Image to Words: A Reading and Writing Assignment Ch 9 Example Writing Your Example Paper Tips for Writing an Example Essay Student Writing: Example Monica Branch, “Keep It Simple” [Student essay] Laura Zager, “A True Tale of a Family” [Student essay] Researched Student Writing: Example Laura Merkner, “Children of Television” [MLA-style essay] Critical Reading: Example Verlyn Klinkenborg, “Inside the Mind’s Eye, a Network of Highways” [Annotated professional essay] Models of Writing John Updike, “Childhood Transgressions” Barbara Ehrenreich, “What I’ve Learned from Men” Readings for Writing Caleb Crain, “Twilight of the Books” Judy Brady, “I Want a Wife” Reading and Writing About Poetry Edna St. Vincent Millay, “Lament” [Poem] Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Example Paper Writing Topics Crosscurrents Collaborative Learning From Image to Words: A Reading and Writing Assignment Ch 10 Process Writing Your Process Paper Tips for Writing a Process Essay Student Writing: Process Michael Wollan, “Coffee Time” [Student essay] Researched Student Writing: Process Ayoko Folikoue, “Installation Art: Umbrellas Spread Across the Landscape” [MLA-Style essay] Models of Writing R. H. Kauffman, “How to Survive a Hotel Fire” Mildred Armstrong Kalish, “Wash Day” Readings for Writing Nikki Giovanni, “Campus Racism 101” Susan Douglas, “Remote Control: How to Raise a Media Skeptic” Reading and Writing About Poetry Robert Frost, “Fire and Ice” [Poem] Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Process Paper Writing Topics Crosscurrents Collaborative Learning From Image to Words: A Reading and Writing Assignment Ch 11 Comparison and Contrast Writing Your Comparison—Contrast Paper Tips for Writing a Comparison—Contrast Essay Student Writing: Comparison­ ­—Contrast Subject-by-Subject Pattern Lea Fasolo, “Life After Death” [Student outline and essay] Point-by-Point Pattern Barry Barnett, “Smarter But” [Student outline and essay] Combined Pattern of Comparison and Contrast Stacy Kissenger, “Birds of a Feather?” [Student outline and essay] Models of Writing Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens), “The Professional” William Zinsser, “Speaking of Writing” Suzanne Britt, “That Lean and Hungry Look” Bruce Catton, “Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts” Readings for Writing Youthful Imagination: Two Stories for Comparison and Contrast Shirley Jackson, “Charles” [Story] Saki (H.H. Munro), “The Open Window” [Story] Legalizing Drugs: Two Web Sites for Comparison and Contrast Office of National Drug Control Policy [Home page] Marijuana Policy Project [Home page] Love, Sweet Love: Two Poems for Comparison and Contrast William Shakespeare, Sonnet 29, “When, in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes” [Poem] William Shakespeare, Sonnet 130, “My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun” [Poem] Julie Olivera, “Two Kinds of Love” [Student essay] Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Comparison and Contrast Paper Writing Topics Crosscurrents Collaborative Learning From Image to Words: A Reading and Writing Assignment Ch 12 Classification and Division Classification and Division in Action Using Division (or Analysis) Using Classification How Are Division and Classification Different? Reviewing Division Strategies Writing Your Classification Paper Tips for Writing a Classification Essay Student Writing: Classification Yvonne C. Younger, “Tomorrow, Tomorrow” [Student essay] Models of Writing Jared Sandberg, “A Brief, Handy Guide to Those Odd Birds in the Upper Branches” John Holt, “Three Kinds of Disciplines” Readings for Writing Amartya Sen, “A World Not Neatly Divided” Cass R. Sunstein, “How Polarizing Is the Internet?” Reading and Writing About Poetry Robert Frost, “The Rose Family” [Poem] Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Classification Paper Writing Topics Crosscurrents Collaborative Learning From Image to Words: A Reading and Writing Assignment Ch 13 Cause and Effect Writing Your Cause and Effect Paper Tips for Writing a Cause and Effect Essay Student Writing: Cause and Effect Richard S. Smith, “Cause for Failure” [Student essay] Researched Student Writing: Cause and Effect Keely Cutts, “Wolves in Yellowstone” [MLA-style essay] Models of Writing Carll Tucker, “On Splitting” Mohan Sivanand, “Why I Write Wrong” Readings for Writing Tony Sachs and Sal Nunziato, “Spinning into Oblivion” Brent Staples, “What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them Grow Up in Cyberspace” Mike Twohy, “Reassigned Pending an Investigation” [Cartoon] Reading and Writing About Poetry Edwin Arlington Robinson, “Richard Cory” [Poem] Craig Anders, “We and He” [Student essay] Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Cause and Effect Paper Writing Topics Crosscurrents From Image to Words: A Reading and Writing Assignment Ch 14 Definition Writing Your Definition Paper Beginning a Formal Definition Tips for Writing One-Sentence Definitions Drafting Your Formal Definition Paper Writing an Informal Definition Paper Student Writing: Formal Definition Frederick Spense, “Everyone Is Equal in the Grave” [Student essay] Student Writing: Informal Definition Helen Fleming, “The Grinnies” [Student essay] Models of Writing David Owen, “The Perfect Job” Lev Grossman, "Meet Joe Blog" Readings for Writing Sunil Garg, "Under My Skin" Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., “Harrison Bergeron” [Story] Reading and Writing About Poetry Langston Huges, “Dreams” [Poem] Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Definition Paper Writing Topics Crosscurrents Collaborative Learning From Image to Words: A Reading and Writing Assignment Ch 15 Argumentation Using Logic Induction Deduction Using Induction and Deduction Avoiding Logical Fallacies Writing Your Argumentation Paper Writing a Formal Argument Tips for Writing a Formal Argument Developing a Debatable Position Student Writing: Argumentation Sandra Travis-Edwards, “The Right Not to Vote” [Student essay] Dennis Rivas, “Books Are Not More Valuable than Other Art” [Student essay] Student Writing: Perspectives on Immigrants in America Nick Milano, “Citizenship for Christmas” [Student essay] Dan Cunningham, “Illegal Immigrants Don’t Deserve a License” [Student essay] Quynh Nguyen, “Being a Recent American” [Student essay] Models of Writing Michael E. Levin, “The Case for Torture” James Q. Wilson, “Just Take Away Their Guns” Meg Greenfield, “In Defense of the Animals” Readings for Writing Jim Borgman, “The 1812 Overture” [Cartoon] Perspectives on the Death Penalty Lauren Heist, “Capital Punishment: An Example for Criminals” [Student essay] Alex Shalom, “Abolish the Death Penalty” [Student essay] Mark Essig, “Continuing the Search for Kinder Executions” Robert Mankoff, “Good News” [Cartoon] Perspectives on Same-Sex Marriages Andrew Sullivan, “Let Gays Marry” Lisa Schiffren, “Gay Marriage, an Oxymoron” NoGaymarriage.com, “Please Help Preserve the Traditional Judeo-Christian Institution of Marriage” [Web site] MillionForMarriage.org “Support Marriage Equality for All.” [Web site] Dan Wasserman, “All We Want Is a Marriage” [Cartoon] Researched Student Writing: Argumentation Richard Yee, “Banning Same-Sex Marriage: An Attack on the American Institution” [MLA-style essay] Reading and Writing About Poetry Emily Dickinson, “Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church” [Poem] Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Argument Paper Writing Topics Crosscurrents Collaborative Learning From Image to Words: A Reading and Writing Assignment Ch 16 Mixing Methods of Development Developing Your Paper through Mixed Modes Tips for Developing a Mixed Modes Essay Mixing Methods: Looking at Possibilities Student Writing: Mixing Methods in Developing Your Essay Brian Jarvis, “Against the Great Divide” [Student essay] Critical Reading: Mixed Methods of Development Timothy K. Beal, “Bibles du Jour” [Annotated professional essay] Models of Writing Herbert J. Gans, “Fitting the Poor Into the Economy” Reshma Memon Yaqub, “You People Did This” Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Mixed Modes Paper Writing Topics Crosscurrents Collaborative Learning From Image to Words: A Reading and Writing Assignment PART 3 Special Writing Ch 17 Literary Analysis Writing Your Analysis of Literature Reading Literature for Analysis Tips for Reading Literature for Analysis Interpreting Symbols Tips for Avoiding Traps Involving Symbols Watching for Metaphors and Similes Avoiding Common Pitfalls in Literary Analysis Tips for Avoiding Common Pitfalls in Literary Analysis Student Writing: Literary Analysis Harriett McKay, “The Beginning of the End” [Student essay] Readings for Writing Jamaica Kincaid, “Girl” [Story] Ann Petry, “Doby’s Gone” [Story] Edgar Allan Poe, “TheTell-Tale Heart” [Story] Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Literary Analysis Paper Ch 18 Writing Essay Exams Preparing for the Exam Evaluating the Question Planning and Writing Your Essay Tips for Planning and Writing Your Essay Strategy Checklist: Taking an Essay Exam Ch 19 Business Writing: An Overview Writing Inquiry and Complaint Letters Letter of Inquiry Letter of Complaint Letter Format Tips for Writing and Formatting a Letter Addressing an Envelope Writing a Letter to Apply for a Job Writing Your Résumé Tips for Preparing a Resume Electronic (Digital) Résumés Writing Memorandums and E-mail PART 4 Research Ch 20 Doing Research Choosing Your Subject Developing Your Thesis Doing Preliminary Reading Using General Encyclopedias Using Specialized Reference Works Searching the World Wide Web “Googling” Your Subject Preparing Your Preliminary Outline Finding Sources and Developing a Working Bibliography Finding Books: The Library Catalog Finding Articles: Periodical Indexes and Databases Keeping Records for Your Bibliography Taking Notes Recording Quotations Summarizing and Paraphrasing in Your Notes Disagreements: Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions Preparing Your Formal Outline Making a Slug Outline Writing a Formal Outline Strategy Checklist: Doing Research Ch 21 Writing Your Research Paper Writing Your Research Paper: An Overview The First Draft Subsequent Drafts Using Explanatory Notes Toward the Final Copy Quoting and Paraphrasing Your Sources Quoting an Original Source Paraphrasing an Original Source Direct Quotations: How Many? Avoiding Plagiarism Documenting Sources in the Humanities: MLA Style Parenthetical Citations A List of Works Cited Preparing the Works Cited List Tips for Preparing the Works Cited List Documenting Sources in the Social Sciences: APA Style Parenthetical Citations A List of APA References Preparing Your References List Tips for Preparing an APA References List Preparing Your Manuscript Tips for Preparing the Final Copy Strategy Checklist: Writing Your Research Paper Frequently Asked Questions about Writing Research Papers Sample MLA-Style Research Paper Elizabeth Kessler, “The Banning of the Polygraph” [MLA-style essay] PART 5 Style Ch 22 Proper Words in Proper Places Denotation and Connotation The Importance of Connotation Word Sensitivity Abstract Writing and Concrete Writing Using Specific Details Using Specific Words and Phrases Using Comparisons Ch 23 Effective Sentences Wordiness and Economy Cutting Deadwood Avoiding Pointless Repetition of Meaning Cutting Unnecessary Clauses Avoiding Delay of Subject Passive and Active Verbs Faulty Parallelism What Is Parallelism? Avoiding Faulty Parallelism Faulty Subordination and Sentence Combining Sentence Monotony and Variety Varying Sentence Length Varying Sentence Structure 24 Additional Style Problems and Solutions Triteness Euphemisms Repetition, Good and Bad Repetition for Clarity Repetition for Impact Undesirable Repetition of Meaning Undesirable Repetition of the Same Word Undesirable Repetition of Sounds Slang Fancy Writing Sexist Language Tips for Avoiding Sexist Language Miscellaneous Do’s and Don’ts Tips for Writing in an Academic Style PART 6 Handbook, Glossary, and ESL Pointers Handbook Self Test: Abbreviations Self Test: Correct Adjectives and Adverbs Self Test: Apostrophe Use Self Test: Capital Letters Self Test: Colons Self Test: Commas in Series and Clauses Self Test: Commas and Introductory Elements Self Test: Commas and Interrupting Elements Self Test: Commas and Nonrestrictive Elements Self Test: Commas: Other Uses Self Test: Comma Splices Self Test: Comparatives and Superlatives Self Test: Faulty Comparisons Self Test: End Marks Self Test: Fragments Self Test: Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers Self Test: Pronoun Agreement Self Test: Pronoun Case Self Test: Pronoun Reference Self Test: Quotation Marks Self Test: Run-on Sentences Self Test: Shifts in Person or Tense Self Test: Spelling Self Test: Subject-Verb Agreement Self Test: Verb Form Self Test: Verb Tense Glossary of Problem Words Self Test: Problem Words ESL Pointers:Tips for Non-Native Writers Verbs and Helping Verbs, Including Modals Summary Checklist: Principal Parts and Auxiliaries for Three Sample Verbs Using Helping Verbs and Modals with Principal Parts of Verbs Phrasal Verbs Tips and Pointers for Phrasal Verbs Nouns:Countable and Uncountable Examples of Nouns You Cannot Count The articles a, and, and the Prepositions Using in, at, and on Self Test: ESL Problems

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