¿Å±äÀÌ ¸Ó¸®¸» 38iiiÁöÀºÀÌ ¸Ó¸®¸» 38VÁ¦1Àå¡¡¾ð¾î¿Í ¿µ¾î£º¼¼³(Language and The English Language : Introduction)1. ¾ð¾îÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ(A Defninition of Language) 22. ü°è·Î¼ÀÇ ¾ð¾î(Language as System) 22.1. ¹®¹ý½ÅÈ£(grammatical signals)3. ±âÈ£·Î¼ÀÇ ¾ð¾î(Language as Signs) 64. ¼Ò¸®·Î¼ÀÇ ¾ð¾î(Language as Vocal) 74.1. ±Û°ú ¸»(writing and speech)4.2. ¸öÁþ°ú ¸»(gestures and speech)5. ÀνÀÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ ¾ð¾î(Language as Convention) 105.1. ¾ð¾îº¯È(language change)5.2. ¾ð¾îŸ¶ôÀÇ °³³ä(the notion of linguistic corruption)5.3. ¾ð¾î º¯ÀÌÇü(language variation)5.4. Á¤È®¼º°ú ¿ëÀμº(correctness and acceptability)6. Àΰ£À¸·Î¼ÀÇ ¾ð¾î(Language as Human) 166.1. ¾ð¾îÀÇ ±â¿ø¼³(theories of the origin of language)6.2. ¼±ÃµÀûÀÎ ¾ð¾î´É·Â(innate language ability)6.3. »õ¿Í µ¿¹°Àº Á¤¸»·Î ¸»À» Çϴ°¡?(do birds and beasts really talk?)7. ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ ¾ð¾î(Language as Communication) 198. ¾ð¾îÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Ư¡µé(Other Characteristics of Language) 209. ¿Ö ¿µ¾î»ç¸¦ °øºÎÇϴ°¡?(Why Study the History of English?) 2110. Ãß°¡¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 23Á¦2Àå¡¡ÇöÀ翵¾îÀÇ À½(The Sounds of Current English)1. ¹ßÀ½±â°ü(The Organs of Speech) 262. ÇöÀ翵¾îÀÇ ÀÚÀ½(Consonants of Current English) 273. ÇöÀ翵¾îÀÇ ¸ðÀ½(Vowels of Current English) 313.1. [r]¾ÕÀÇ ¸ðÀ½(vowels before [r])4. °¼¼(Stress) 364.1. ºñ°¼¼¸ðÀ½(unstressed vowels)5. À½º¯ÈÀÇ Á¾·ù(Kinds of Sound Change) 375.1. µ¿È: ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ µ¿ÁúÈ(assimilation: sounds become more alike)5.2. ÀÌÈ: ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ ÀÌÁúÈ(dissimilation: sounds become less alike)5.3. À½¼Ò½Ç: ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ »ý·«(elision: sounds are omitted)5.4. À½Ä§ÀÔ: ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Ãß°¡(intrusion: sounds are added)5.5. À½À§Àüȯ: ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Àç¹è¿(metathesis: sounds are reordered)6. À½º¯ÈÀÇ ¿øÀÎ(Causes of Sound Change) 407. À½¼Ò(The Phoneme) 428. ¿©·¯ Àü»ç¹æ¹ý(Differing Transcriptions) 439. Ãß°¡¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 44Á¦3Àå¡¡±ÛÀÚ¿Í ¼Ò¸® : ¹®ÀÚÀÇ °£·«ÇÑ ¿ª»ç(Letters and Sounds: A Brief History of Writing)1. Ç¥Àǹ®ÀÚ¿Í À½Àý¹®ÀÚ`(Ideographic and Syllabic Writing) 452. ¼À¹®ÀÚºÎÅÍ ±×¸®½º ¾ËÆÄºª±îÁö(From Semitic Writing to the Greek Alphabet) 462.1. ±×¸®½º¾îÀÇ ¸ðÀ½°ú ÀÚÀ½ ºÎÈ£(the Greek vowel and consonant symbols)3. ·Î¸¶ÀÎÀÇ ±×¸®½º ¾ËÆÄºª Â÷¿ë(The Romans Adopt the Greek Alphabet) 483.1. ·Î¸¶¿Í ±×¸®½º ¾ËÆÄºªÀÇ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ¹ßÀü(later developments of the Roman and Greek alphabets)3.2. ÀÌÁßÀ½ÀÚÀÇ »ç¿ë(the use of digraphs)3.3. Ãß°¡ ºÎÈ£(additional symbols)4. ¿µ¾î ¹®ÀÚÀÇ ¿ª»ç(The History of English Writing) 524.1. °Ô¸£¸¸ÀÎÀÇ ·é¹®ÀÚ(the Germanic runes)4.2. ¾Þ±Û·Î»ö½¼ÀÎÀÇ ·Î¸¶ ¾ËÆÄºª(the Anglo-Saxon Roman alphabet)5. ¿µ¾î ÀÚÀ½ ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ(The Spelling of English Consonant Sounds) 545.1. Æó¼âÀ½(stops)5.2. ¸¶ÂûÀ½(fricatives)5.3. ÆÄÂûÀ½(affricates)5.4. ºñÀ½(nasals)5.5. À¯À½(liquids)5.6. ¹Ý¸ðÀ½(semivowels)6. ¿µ¾î ¸ðÀ½ ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ (The Spelling of English Vowel Sounds) 576.1. Àü¼³¸ðÀ½(front Vowels)6.2. Áß¼³¸ðÀ½(central Vowels)6.3. ÈﳏðÀ½(back Vowels)6.4. ÀÌÁ߸ðÀ½(diphthongs)6.5. ¸ðÀ½+ [r](vowels Plus [r])6.6. ºñ°¼¼ ¸ðÀ½(unstressed Vowels)7. öÀÚ¹ßÀ½°ú ¹ßÀ½Ã¶ÀÚ(Spelling Pronunciation and Pronunciation Spelling) 618. ¹®ÀÚ¿Í ¿ª»ç(Writing and History) 649. Ãß°¡¹®Çå`(For Further Reading) 64Á¦4Àå¡¡¿µ¾îÀÇ ¹è°æ(The Backgrounds of English)1. Àα¸¾îÀÇ ±â¿ø(Indo-European Origins) 681.1. Àα¸¾îÁ·ÀÇ ¹®È(Indo-European culture)1.2. Àα¸¾îÁ·ÀÇ ¿ø°ÅÁÖÁö(the Indo-European homeland)1.3. Àα¸¾îÀÇ ¹ß°ß(how Indo-European was discovered)2. ¾ð¾î À¯Çü°ú ¾îÁ·(Language Typology and Language Families) 703. ºñÀα¸¾î(Non-Indo-European Languages) 724. Àα¸¾îÁ·ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ±¸ºÐ(Main Divisions of the Indo-European Group) 754.1. Àεµ-À̶õ¾î±º(Indo-Iranian)4.2. ¾Æ¸£¸Þ´Ï¾Æ¾î±º°ú ¾Ë¹Ù´Ï¾Æ¾î±º(Armenian and Albanian)4.3. ÅäÄ«¶ó¾î±º(Tocharian)4.4. ¾Æ³ªÅ縮¾Æ¾î±º(Anatolian)4.5. ¹ßÆ®-½½¶óºê¾î±º(Balto-Slavic)4.6. Çï·¹³×¾î±º(Hellenic)4.7. ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¾î±º(Italic)4.8. ÄÌÆ®¾î±º(Celtic)4.9. °Ô¸£¸¸¾î±º(Germanic)5. Àα¸¾îÀÇ µ¿Á·¾î(Cognate Words in the Indo-European Languages) 856. Àα¸¾îÀÇ ±¼Àý(Inflection in the Indo-European Languages) 876.1. ÀϺΠµ¿»çÀÇ ±¼ÀýÇü(some verb inflections)6.2. ÀϺΠ¸í»ç±¼ÀýÇü(some noun inflections)7. Àα¸¾îÁ·ÀÇ ¾î¼ø(Word Order in the Indo-European Languages)` 918. Àα¸¾î¿¡¼ °Ô¸£¸¸¾î·ÎÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä º¯È(Major Changes from Indo-European to Germanic) 939. Á¦1Â÷ À½ÃßÀÌ(First Sound Shift) 959.1. ±×¸²ÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢(Grimm¡¯s law)9.2. º£¸£³ÊÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢(Verner¡¯s law)9.3. Á¦1Â÷ À½ÃßÀÌÀÇ ¼ø¼(the sequence of the First Sound Shift)10. ¼°Ô¸£¸¸¾îÆÄ(West Germanic Languages) 10011. Ãß°¡¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 102Á¦5Àå¡¡°í´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±â(The Old English Period, 449-1100)1. °í´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±âÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä »ç°Çµé(Some Key Events In the Old English Period) 1052. ¾Þ±Û·Î»ö½¼Á·ÀÇ ¿ª»ç(History of the Anglo-Saxons) 1062.1 ¿µ±¹¹Î ÀÌÀüÀÇ ºê¸®Æ°(Britain before the English)2.2 ¿µ±¹¹ÎÀÇ µµ·¡(the coming of the English)2.3. ºê¸®Æ°ÀÇ ¿µ±¹¹Î(the English in Britain)2.4. Á¦1Â÷ ¹ÙÀÌÅ·ÀÇ Á¤º¹(the first Viking conquest)2.5. Á¦2Â÷ ¹ÙÀÌÅ·ÀÇ Á¤º¹(the second Viking conquest)2.6. ½ºÄµð³ªºñ¾ÆÀεéÀÇ ¿µ±¹ÀÎÈ(the Scandinavians become English)2.7. °í´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ È²±Ý±â(the golden age of Old English)2.8. °í´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ¹æ¾ðµé(dialects of Old English)3. °í´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ¹ßÀ½°ú öÀÚ(Pronunciation and Spelling) 1163.1. ¸ðÀ½(vowels)3.2. ÀÚÀ½(consonants)3.3. ¼Ã¼(handwriting)3.4. °¼¼(stress)4. ¾îÈÖ(Vocabulary) 1214.1. °Ô¸£¸¸¾îÀÇ ¾îÈÖ(the Germanic word stock)4.2. °í´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ¼º(gender in Old English)5. ¹®¹ý°ú ÀÏÄ¡ ±×¸®°í ±¼Àý(Grammar, Concord and Inflection) 1235.1. ±¼Àý(inflection)6. ¸í»ç(Nouns) 1256.1. i-¸ðÀ½º¯ÀÌ`(i-umlaut)6.2. °Ý°ú ¼öÀÇ Çö´ëÀû À¯¹°(modern survivals of case and number)7. ¼ö½Ä¾î(Modifiers) 1297.1. Áö½Ã»ç(demonstratives)7.2. Çü¿ë»ç(adjectives)7.3. ºÎ»ç(adverbs)8. ´ë¸í»ç(Pronouns) 1328.1. ÀÎĪ´ë¸í»ç(personal pronouns)8.2. Àǹ®´ë¸í»ç¿Í °ü°è´ë¸í»ç(interrogative and relative pronouns)9. µ¿»ç(Verbs) 1359.1. µ¿»çÀÇ Á÷¼³¹ý ÇüÅÂ(indicative forms of verbs)9.2. °¡Á¤¹ý°ú ¸í·É¹ý ÇüÅÂ(subjunctive and imperative forms)9.3. ºñÇÑÁ¤Àû ÇüÅÂ(nonfinite forms)9.4. ¾àº¯È µ¿»ç(weak verbs)9.5. °º¯È µ¿»ç(strong verbs)9.6. °ú°ÅÇöÀ絿»ç(preterit-present verbs)9.7. º¸ÃæÇü µ¿»ç(suppletive verbs)10. ±¸¹®·Ð(Syntax) 14111. °í´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ¿¹½Ã(Old English Illustrated) 14412. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 147Á¦6Àå¡¡Áß¼¼¿µ¾î ½Ã±â(The Middle English Period, 1100-1500)1. Áß¼¼¿µ¾î ½Ã±âÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä »ç°Çµé(Some Key Events In the Middle English Period) 1492. ³ë¸£¸¸ Á¤º¹ÀÇ ¹è°æ(The Background of the Norman Conquest) 1503. ¿µ¾îÀÇ ÀçÁö¹è(The Reascendancy of English) 1524. ¾îÈÖ¿¡ ¹ÌÄ£ ¿Ü±¹¾îÀÇ ¿µÇâ`(Foreign Influences on Vocabulary) 1535. Áß¼¼¿µ¾îÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ(Middle English Spelling) 1545.1. ÀÚÀ½(consonants)5.2. ¸ðÀ½(vowels)6. ·±´ø Ç¥ÁؾîÀÇ ÃâÇö(The Rise of a London Standard) 1597. ¹ßÀ½ÀÇ º¯È(Changes in Pronunciation) 1637.1. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÚÀ½ÀÇ º¯È(principal consonant changes)7.2. Áß¼¼¿µ¾îÀÇ ¸ðÀ½(Middle English vowels)7.3. ÀÌÁ߸ðÀ½ÀÇ º¯È(changes in diphthongs)7.4. ¸ðÀ½ÀÇ ÀåÀ½È¿Í ´ÜÀ½È(lengthening and shortening of vowels)7.5. ºñ°¼¼ ¸ðÀ½ÀÇ ¼öÆòÈ(leveling of unstressed vowels)7.6. ¾î¸» À½Àý¿¡¼ÀÇ ½´¿ÍÀÇ ¼Ò½Ç(loss of schwa in final syllables)8. ¹®¹ýÀÇ º¯È(Changes in Grammar) 1718.1. ±¼ÀýÇüÀÇ °¨¼Ò(reduction of inflections)8.2. ¹®¹ý¼ºÀÇ ¼Ò½Ç(loss of grammatical gender)9. ¸í»ç, ´ë¸í»ç, Çü¿ë»ç(Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives) 1739.1. ¸í»çÀÇ ±¼Àý(the inflection of nouns)9.2. ÀÎĪ´ë¸í»ç(personal pronouns)9.3. Áö½Ã´ë¸í»ç(demonstrative pronouns)9.4. Àǹ®´ë¸í»ç¿Í °ü°è´ë¸í»ç(interrogative and relative pronouns)9.5. ºñ±³±Þ°ú ÃÖ»ó±Þ Çü¿ë»ç(comparative and superlative adjectives)10. µ¿»ç(Verbs) 17810.1. ÀÎξî¹Ì(personal endings)10.2. ºÐ»ç(participles)11. ¾î¼ø(Word Order) 18012. Áß¼¼¿µ¾îÀÇ ¿¹½Ã(Middle English Illustrated) 18113. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 183Á¦7Àå¡¡ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±â:»çȸ, öÀÚ ¹× ¼Ò¸®(The Early Modern English Period, 1500-1800 : Society, Spellings, and Sounds)1. ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±âÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä »ç°Çµé(Some Key Events in the Early Modern English Period) 1852. Áß¼¼¿µ¾î¿¡¼ Çö´ë¿µ¾î·ÎÀÇ °úµµ±â(The Transition from Middle to Modern English) 1872.1. ¿µ¾î¾îÈÖÀÇ È®´ë(expansion of the English language)2.2. ¹ßÀ½ÀÇ Çõ½Å°ú öÀÚÀÇ ºÒº¯(innovation of pronunciation and conservation of spelling)3. ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ Á¤ÀÚ¹ý(The Orthography of Early Modern English) 1884. ´ë¸ðÀ½ÃßÀÌ(The Great Vowel Shift) 1925. ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðÀ½µé(Other Vowels) 1965.1. °¼¼°¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ü¸ðÀ½(stressed short vowels)5.2. ÀÌÁ߸ðÀ½(diphthongs)5.3. ¸ðÀ½ÀÇ À½·®º¯È(quantitative vowel changes)6. ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ÀÚÀ½(Early Modern English Consonants) 1997. ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾î ¹ßÀ½ÀÇ Áõ°Å(Evidence for Early Modern Pronunciation) 2017.1. °¼¼(stress)7.2. Çй®Àû ¿¬±¸(scholarly studies)8. ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ¿¹½Ã(Early Modern English Illustrated) 2038.1. öÀÚ(spelling)8.2. ¹ßÀ½(pronunciation)9. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 207Á¦8Àå¡¡ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±â : ÇüÅÂ, ±¸¹® ¹× ¿ë¹ý(The Early Modern English Period, 1500 - 1800 : Forms, Syntax and Usage)1. ¾ð¾îÀÇ ¿¬±¸(The Study of Language) 2101.1 ÃʱâÀÇ »çÀüµé (early dictionaries)1.2. ¹®¹ý°ú ¿ë¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 18¼¼±âÀÇ Åµµ(eighteenth-century attitudes toward grammar and usage)2. ¸í»ç(Nouns) 2152.1. ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ º¹¼öÇü(irregular plurals)2.2. His-¼Ó°Ý(his-genitive)2.3. ±º¼Ó°Ý(group genitive)2.4. ºñ±¼Àý ¼Ó°Ý(uninflected genitive)3. Çü¿ë»ç¿Í ºÎ»ç(Adjectives and Adverbs) 2194. ´ë¸í»ç(Pronouns) 2204.1. ÀÎĪ´ë¸í»ç(personal pronouns)4.2. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç¿Í Àǹ®´ë¸í»ç(relative and interrogative pronouns)4.3. ´ë¸í»çÀÇ °ÝÇüŵé(case forms of the pronouns)5. µ¿»ç(Verbs) 2295.1. 7°¡Áö °º¯Èµ¿»ç ºÎ·ù(classes of strong verbs)5.2. ÀÎΰú ¼öÀÇ ¾î¹Ì(endings for person and number)5.3. Ãà¾àÇü(contracted forms)5.4. µ¿»çÀÇ È®ÀåÇü(expanded verb forms)5.5 ´Ù¸¥ µ¿»ç±¸¹®µé(other verbal constructions)6. ÀüÄ¡»ç(Prepositions) 2407. ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ Ãß°¡¿¹½Ã¹®(Early Modern English Further Illustrated) 2418. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 242Á¦9Àå¡¡ÈıâÇö´ë¿µ¾î(Late Modern English, 1800-21st Century)1. ÈıâÇö´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±âÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä »ç°Çµé(Some Key Events in the Late Modern Period) 2432. ¿µ¾îÀÇ ±¹°¡ º¯À̵é(The National Varieties of English) 2452.1. ¹Ì±¹¿µ¾îÀÇ º¸¼ö¼º°ú Çõ½Å¼º(conservatism and innovation in American English)3. ¾îÈÖ¼±Åÿ¡¼ÀÇ ±¹°¡Àû Â÷ÀÌ(National Differences in Word Choice) 2483.1. ¿µ±¹¿µ¾î ¾îÈÖÀÇ ¹Ì±¹¾î ħÅõ(American infiltration of the British word stock)4. ±¸¹®·Ð ¹× ¾îÇü·Ð »óÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ(Syntactical and Morphological Differences) 2525. ¿µ±¹°ú ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¾ð¾î¼ø¼öÁÖÀÇ(British and American Purism) 2535.1. »çÀü°ú »ç½Ç(dictionaries and the facts)6. ¹ßÀ½ÀÇ ±¹°¡Àû Â÷ÀÌ(National Difference in Pronunciation) 2567. ¿µ±¹°ú ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ(British and American Spelling) 2608. ±¹°¡ º¯À̳»ÀÇ º¯ÀÌÇü(Variation Within National Varieties) 2628.1. º¯ÀÌÇüÀÇ Á¾·ù(kinds of variation)8.2. Áö¿ª¹æ¾ð(regional dialects)8.3. ÀÎÁ¾¹æ¾ð°ú »çȸ¹æ¾ð(ethnic and social dialects)8.4. ¹®Ã¼ÀÇ º¯ÀÌÇü(stylistic variation)8.5. ¿µ±¹¿µ¾î ³»ÀÇ º¯ÀÌÇü(variation within British English)9. ¼¼°èÀÇ ¿µ¾î(World English) 2679.1. ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå ¿µ¾î(lrish English)9.2. Àεµ ¿µ¾î(Indian English)10. ¸ðµç ¿µ¾îÀÇ º»ÁúÀûÀÎ ´ÜÀϼº(The Essential Oneness of All English) 27211. Ãß°¡¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 272Á¦10Àå¡¡´Ü¾î¿Í ÀǹÌ(Words and Meaning)1. Àǹ̷аú ÀǹÌÀÇ º¯È(Semantics and Change of Meaning) 2791.1. °¡º¯ÀûÀÌ¸ç ¾Ö¸ÅÇÑ ÀǹÌ(variable and vague meanings)1.2. ¾î¿ø°ú ÀǹÌ(etymology and meaning)1.3. Àǹ̺¯ÈÀÇ ¹æ½Ä(how meaning changes)2. ÀǹÌÀÇ ÀϹÝÈ¿Í Æ¯¼öÈ(Generalization and Specialization) 2823. ÀǹÌÀÇ ÀüÀÌ(Transfer of Meaning) 2843.1. °³³äÀÇ ¿¬»ó(association of ideas)3.2. ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾îµé·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ÀüÀÌ(transfer from other languages)3.3 ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ ¿¬»ó(sound association)4. ÀǹÌÀÇ ¾ÇÈ¿Í ¾çÈ(Pejoration and Amelioration) 2875. ±Ý±â¿Í ¿Ï°î¾î(Taboo and Euphemism) 2896. °Á¶¾îÀÇ ¿î¸í(The Fate of Intensifying Words) 2927. ÀϺΠÀǹ̺¯ÈÀÇ È¯°æ(Some Circumstances of Semantic Change) 2947.1. Çмú¾î¿¡¼ ±â¿øÇÑ ´Ü¾îÀÇ À¯Çà(the vogue for words of learned origin)7.2. ¾ð¾î¿Í ÀǹÌÇ¥½Ã(language and semantic marking)8. Àǹ̺¯ÈÀÇ ºÒ°¡ÇǼº(Semantic Change is Inevitable) 3009. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 301Á¦11Àå¡¡°í´ë¾î¿¡¼ ¿Â »õ·Î¿î ´Ü¾îµé(New Words from Old)1. ´Ü¾îÀÇ Ã¢Á¶(Creating Words) 301.1 ¾î±Ù âÁ¶(root creations)1.2. ÀǼº¾î(echoic words)1.3. »çÃâ¾î(ejaculations)2. ´Ü¾îÀÇ °áÇÕ: º¹ÇÕ(Combining Words: Compounding) 3072.1. º¹ÇÕ¾îÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ¿Í ¹ßÀ½(spelling and pronunciation of compounds)2.2. À¶ÇÕº¹ÇÕ¾î(amalgamated compounds)2.3. º¹ÇÕ¾îÀÇ ±â´É°ú ±¸¼º(function and form of compounds)3. ´Ü¾î ºÎºÐÀÇ °áÇÕ: Á¢»ç÷°¡(Combining Word Parts: Affixing) 3113.1. °í´ë¿µ¾î¿¡¼ ¿Â Á¢»ç(affixes from Old English)3.2. ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾î¿¡¼ ¿Â Á¢»ç(affixes from other languages)3.3. À¯ÇàÇÏ´Â Á¢»ç(voguish affixes)4. ´Ü¾îÀÇ ´ÜÃà(Shortening Words) 3184.1. Àý´ÜÇü(clipped forms)4.2. ¸Ó¸®±ÛÀÚ: ¾ËÆÄºª¸Ó¸®±ÛÀÚ¿Í µÎ¹®ÀÚ¾î(initialisms: alphabetisms and acronyms)4.3. ¾îµÎÀ½°ú ¾îµÎÀ½ ¼Ò½ÇÀÇ Çüŵé(apheretic and aphetic forms)4.4. ¿ªÇü¼º¾î(back formations)5. ´Ü¾îÀÇ È¥¼º(Blending Words) 3245.1. È¥¼º¿¡¼ ¿Â »õ·Î¿î ÇüżÒ(new morphemes from blending)5.2. ¹Î°£¾î¿ø(folk etymology)6. ´Ü¾îÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ±â´ÉÀüȯ(Shifting Words to New Uses) 3286.1. ǰ»çÀÇ Àüȯ(one part of speech to another)6.2. °íÀ¯¸í»ç¿¡¼ ¿Â º¸Åë¸í»ç(common words from proper names)7. »õ·Î¿î ´Ü¾îÀÇ Ãâó(Sources of New Words) 3327.1. »õ·Î¿î ´Ü¾îµéÀÇ ºÐÆ÷(distribution of new words)8. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 334Á¦12Àå¡¡¿µ¾î¾îÈÖÀÇ ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿ä¼Ò(Foreign Elements in the English Word Stock)0.1. ¹ÎÁßÂ÷¿ë¾î¿Í ÇмúÂ÷¿ë¾î(popular and learned loanwords)1. ¶óƾ¾î¿Í ±×¸®½º¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Latin and Greek Loanwords) 3371.1. °Ô¸£¸¸¾î ½Ã±âÀÇ ¶óƾ¾î ¿µÇâ(Latin influence in the Germanic period)1.2. °í´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ¶óƾ¾î ¾îÈÖ(Latin words in Old English)1.3. Áß¼¼¿µ¾î ½Ã±â¿¡ Â÷¿ëµÈ ¶óƾ¾î ¾îÈÖ(Latin words borrowed in Middle English times)1.4. Çö´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±â¿¡ Â÷¿ëµÈ ¶óƾ¾î ¾îÈÖ(Latin words borrowed in Modern English times)1.5. ±×¸®½º¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Greek loanwords)2. ÄÌÆ®¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Celtic Loanwords) 3423. ½ºÄµð³ªºñ¾Æ¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Scandinavian Loanwords) 3433.1. °í´ë ¹× Áß¼¼¿µ¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Old and Middle English borrowings)3.2. Çö´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ½ºÄµð³ªºñ¾Æ¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Modern English borrowings)4. ÇÁ¶û½º¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(French Loanwords) 3454.1. Áß¼¼¿µ¾îÀÇ ÇÁ¶û½º¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Middle English borrowings)4.2. ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ÇÁ¶û½º¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(later French loanwords)5. ½ºÆäÀξî¿Í Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Spanish and Portuguese Loanwords) 3516. ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Italian Loanwords) 3527. µ¶ÀϾî Â÷¿ë¾î(German Loanwords) 3537.1. ÀúÁöµ¶ÀϾî Â÷¿ë¾î(loanwords from Low German)7.2. °íÁöµ¶ÀϾî Â÷¿ë¾î(loanwords from High German)8. µ¿¾ç¿¡¼ ¿Â Â÷¿ë¾î(Loanwords from the East) 3588.1. ±Ùµ¿(Near East)8.2. À̶õ°ú Àεµ(Iran and India)8.3. ±Øµ¿ ¹× ¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¶ó½Ã¾Æ(far east and Australasia)9. ´Ù¸¥ Ãâóµé(Other Sources) 3619.1. ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(loanwords from African languages)9.2. ½½¶óºê¾î, Çë°¡¸®¾î, ÅÍŰ¾î, Àεð¾ð¾î(Slavic, Hungarian, Turkish, and American lndian)10. ÃÖ±Ù Â÷¿ë¾îÀÇ Ãâó(The Sources of Recent Loanwords) 36311. ¿µ¾îÀÇ ºÒº¯¼º(English remains English) 36312. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 364Âü°í¹®Çå 367¿ë¾î ÇØ¼³ 379ã¾Æº¸±â(ÇѱÛ) 397ã¾Æº¸±â(¿µ¾î) 409