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ÃâÆÇ»ç : °æ¹®»ç
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ÆäÀÌÁö¼ö : 426
ISBN : 978-89-6105-264-1
¿¹»óÃâ°íÀÏ : ÀÔ±ÝÈ®ÀÎÈÄ 2ÀÏ À̳»
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<¿µ¾î¹ß´Þ»ç> Á¦6ÆÇÀº John Algeo°¡ Àú¼úÇÑ The Origins and Development of the English Language(6th ed Boston: Thomson Wadsworth, 2009)Àε¥, ÀÌ´Â Thomas PylesÀÇ ¿ø·¡ÀÇ Àú¼­(Á¦1ÆÇ, Á¦2ÆÇ)¸¦ ±Ù°Å·Î ÇÏ¿© ¿µ¹®¿ø¼­¸¦ ¹ø¿ªÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀúÀ۱ǹý¿¡ µû¶ó ÃâÆÇ»ç¿Í ÀúÀÚÀÇ Çã°¡¸¦ ¾ò¾î ¿ì¸®¸»·Î ¿Å±ä °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿ø¼­´Â 1964³â ÃÊÆÇ Ãâ°£ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ¿©¼¸ ¹øÂ° °³Á¤ÆÇÀÌÁö¸¸ °øÀúÀÚÀÎ Thomas Pyles°¡ Ÿ°èÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡µµ ÀúÀÚµéÀÌ º»·¡ÀÇ ÃÊÁ¡°ú ³»¿ë±¸¼ºÀº ¼ö¼¼´ë¿¡ °ÉÃÄ µ¶ÀÚµéÀÇ °ü½É¿¡ °øÇåÇØ¿Ô´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²îÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ¿µ¾îÀÇ À½°ú öÀÚ, ¹®¹ý, ¾îÈָ鿡¼­ÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû º¯È­¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³­ ¾ð¾î »ç½Çµé, Áï ¿µ¾îÀÇ ³»¸é»ç(internal history)¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß¾ú´Ù. ¾ð¾îÀÇ Æ¯¼º ¹× ÇöÀ翵¾îÀÇ ¹ßÀ½°ú Á¤ÀÚ¹ýÀ» ¸ÕÀú ´Ù·ç°í, ´ÙÀ½ ¿©¼¸ °³ÀÇ Àå¿¡¼­ Àα¸¾î¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ¿µ¾î¹è°æºÎÅÍ °í´ë¿µ¾î, Áß¼¼¿µ¾î, ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ ¾î¸¦ °ÅÃÄ ÇöÀç¿¡ À̸£´Â ¿µ¾îÀÇ Àü¿ª»ç¸¦ ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¶Áö¸· ¼¼ Àå¿¡¼­´Â ¾îÈÖ¸¦ »ó¼¼ÇÏ°Ô ´Ù·ç°í Àִµ¥, ÁÖ·Î ¿µ¾î ´Ü¾îÀÇ ÀǹÌ, »ý¼º ¹× Â÷¿ëÀ» °³°üÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
Á¦6ÆÇ¿¡¼­´Â ÀúÀÚÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ´Â ÃֽŠÀÚ·á°¡ ´ã°ÜÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ¿ï·¯ °øÀúÀÚ¿´À» ¶§¿Í´Â ´Ù¸£°Ô »õ·Ó°í ¸íÄèÇÑ ±¸¼ºÀ¸·Î Ã¥ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁ® Àִµ¥, ƯÈ÷ µµÇ¥µéÀÌ ´«¿¡ ¶ç°Ô ¹Ù²î¾î º¹ÀâÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦¶óµµ ½±°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çß´Ù. ¿µ¾îÀÇ ³»Àû º¯Ãµ °úÁ¤À» ºñÁß ÀÖ°Ô Ãë±ÞÇØ ¹«¹Ì°ÇÁ¶ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¹®È­»ç, ±× Áß ¹®Çл翡 ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» È®´ë½ÃÄ×´Ù. ¿ª»ç¿Í °ü·ÃµÇ´Â ¾ð¾î ¿ÜÀûÀÎ ¸éÀ» À¯±âÀûÀ¸·Î Àß Á¶È­½ÃÄÑ °£°áÇÏ°í ÆòÀÌÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î ±ÛÀ» ¾²°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸® ¿µ¹®Çеµµé¿¡°Ô Àü°ø¼­³ª ±³¾ç¼­·Î½á ¾ÆÁÖ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Ã¥À̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ¿µ¾î ¿µ¹®ÇÐÀÇ °¡Àå ¿À·¡µÇ°í Áß¿äÇÑ ºÐ¾ß ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ ¿µ¾î¹ß´Þ»ç´Â ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¹®È­¿Í ¹®ÇÐÀº ¹°·Ð ¿µ¾î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯¿ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¿Í ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ »ç½ÇÀ» ¾ò°Ô ÇÏ¿© ¿µ¾î¿µ¹®ÇеµµéÀÇ Áö½Ä°ú Èï¹Ì¸¦ ³ÐÇôÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ¿ì¸®³ª¶óÀÇ ¸¹Àº ´ëÇп¡¼­»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿µ¹Ì¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¿µ¾î »ç¿ë±¹¿¡¼­ ¿µ¾î¹ß´Þ»çÀÇ ÁÖ±³Àç·Î °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇϴ åÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¡¿¡¼­ ÀÌ Ã¥ÀÇ ¹ø¿ªÆÇÀ» ¿©·¯ ¹ø(Á¦4ÆÇ, Á¦5ÆÇ(°ø¿ª), Á¦6ÆÇ) ³»³õ´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÇмúÀûÀ¸·Î³ª ±³À°ÀûÀ¸·Î ¶æÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÀÏÀ̶ó ¹Ï´Â´Ù.
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¿Å±äÀÌ ¸Ó¸®¸» 38iii
ÁöÀºÀÌ ¸Ó¸®¸» 38V

Á¦1Àå¡¡¾ð¾î¿Í ¿µ¾î£º¼­¼³(Language and The English Language : Introduction)
1. ¾ð¾îÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ(A Defninition of Language) 2
2. ü°è·Î¼­ÀÇ ¾ð¾î(Language as System) 2
2.1. ¹®¹ý½ÅÈ£(grammatical signals)
3. ±âÈ£·Î¼­ÀÇ ¾ð¾î(Language as Signs) 6
4. ¼Ò¸®·Î¼­ÀÇ ¾ð¾î(Language as Vocal) 7
4.1. ±Û°ú ¸»(writing and speech)
4.2. ¸öÁþ°ú ¸»(gestures and speech)
5. ÀνÀÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ¾ð¾î(Language as Convention) 10
5.1. ¾ð¾îº¯È­(language change)
5.2. ¾ð¾îŸ¶ôÀÇ °³³ä(the notion of linguistic corruption)
5.3. ¾ð¾î º¯ÀÌÇü(language variation)
5.4. Á¤È®¼º°ú ¿ëÀμº(correctness and acceptability)
6. Àΰ£À¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ¾ð¾î(Language as Human) 16
6.1. ¾ð¾îÀÇ ±â¿ø¼³(theories of the origin of language)
6.2. ¼±ÃµÀûÀÎ ¾ð¾î´É·Â(innate language ability)
6.3. »õ¿Í µ¿¹°Àº Á¤¸»·Î ¸»À» Çϴ°¡?(do birds and beasts really talk?)
7. ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ¾ð¾î(Language as Communication) 19
8. ¾ð¾îÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Ư¡µé(Other Characteristics of Language) 20
9. ¿Ö ¿µ¾î»ç¸¦ °øºÎÇϴ°¡?(Why Study the History of English?) 21
10. Ãß°¡¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 23

Á¦2Àå¡¡ÇöÀ翵¾îÀÇ À½(The Sounds of Current English)
1. ¹ßÀ½±â°ü(The Organs of Speech) 26
2. ÇöÀ翵¾îÀÇ ÀÚÀ½(Consonants of Current English) 27
3. ÇöÀ翵¾îÀÇ ¸ðÀ½(Vowels of Current English) 31
3.1. [r]¾ÕÀÇ ¸ðÀ½(vowels before [r])
4. °­¼¼(Stress) 36
4.1. ºñ°­¼¼¸ðÀ½(unstressed vowels)
5. À½º¯È­ÀÇ Á¾·ù(Kinds of Sound Change) 37
5.1. µ¿È­: ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ µ¿ÁúÈ­(assimilation: sounds become more alike)
5.2. ÀÌÈ­: ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ ÀÌÁúÈ­(dissimilation: sounds become less alike)
5.3. À½¼Ò½Ç: ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ »ý·«(elision: sounds are omitted)
5.4. À½Ä§ÀÔ: ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Ãß°¡(intrusion: sounds are added)
5.5. À½À§Àüȯ: ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Àç¹è¿­(metathesis: sounds are reordered)
6. À½º¯È­ÀÇ ¿øÀÎ(Causes of Sound Change) 40
7. À½¼Ò(The Phoneme) 42
8. ¿©·¯ Àü»ç¹æ¹ý(Differing Transcriptions) 43
9. Ãß°¡¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 44

Á¦3Àå¡¡±ÛÀÚ¿Í ¼Ò¸® : ¹®ÀÚÀÇ °£·«ÇÑ ¿ª»ç(Letters and Sounds: A Brief History of Writing)
1. Ç¥Àǹ®ÀÚ¿Í À½Àý¹®ÀÚ`(Ideographic and Syllabic Writing) 45
2. ¼À¹®ÀÚºÎÅÍ ±×¸®½º ¾ËÆÄºª±îÁö(From Semitic Writing to the Greek Alphabet) 46
2.1. ±×¸®½º¾îÀÇ ¸ðÀ½°ú ÀÚÀ½ ºÎÈ£(the Greek vowel and consonant symbols)
3. ·Î¸¶ÀÎÀÇ ±×¸®½º ¾ËÆÄºª Â÷¿ë(The Romans Adopt the Greek Alphabet) 48
3.1. ·Î¸¶¿Í ±×¸®½º ¾ËÆÄºªÀÇ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ¹ßÀü(later developments of the Roman and Greek alphabets)
3.2. ÀÌÁßÀ½ÀÚÀÇ »ç¿ë(the use of digraphs)
3.3. Ãß°¡ ºÎÈ£(additional symbols)
4. ¿µ¾î ¹®ÀÚÀÇ ¿ª»ç(The History of English Writing) 52
4.1. °Ô¸£¸¸ÀÎÀÇ ·é¹®ÀÚ(the Germanic runes)
4.2. ¾Þ±Û·Î»ö½¼ÀÎÀÇ ·Î¸¶ ¾ËÆÄºª(the Anglo-Saxon Roman alphabet)
5. ¿µ¾î ÀÚÀ½ ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ(The Spelling of English Consonant Sounds) 54
5.1. Æó¼âÀ½(stops)
5.2. ¸¶ÂûÀ½(fricatives)
5.3. ÆÄÂûÀ½(affricates)
5.4. ºñÀ½(nasals)
5.5. À¯À½(liquids)
5.6. ¹Ý¸ðÀ½(semivowels)
6. ¿µ¾î ¸ðÀ½ ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ (The Spelling of English Vowel Sounds) 57
6.1. Àü¼³¸ðÀ½(front Vowels)
6.2. Áß¼³¸ðÀ½(central Vowels)
6.3. ÈﳏðÀ½(back Vowels)
6.4. ÀÌÁ߸ðÀ½(diphthongs)
6.5. ¸ðÀ½+ [r](vowels Plus [r])
6.6. ºñ°­¼¼ ¸ðÀ½(unstressed Vowels)
7. öÀÚ¹ßÀ½°ú ¹ßÀ½Ã¶ÀÚ(Spelling Pronunciation and Pronunciation Spelling) 61
8. ¹®ÀÚ¿Í ¿ª»ç(Writing and History) 64
9. Ãß°¡¹®Çå`(For Further Reading) 64

Á¦4Àå¡¡¿µ¾îÀÇ ¹è°æ(The Backgrounds of English)
1. Àα¸¾îÀÇ ±â¿ø(Indo-European Origins) 68
1.1. Àα¸¾îÁ·ÀÇ ¹®È­(Indo-European culture)
1.2. Àα¸¾îÁ·ÀÇ ¿ø°ÅÁÖÁö(the Indo-European homeland)
1.3. Àα¸¾îÀÇ ¹ß°ß(how Indo-European was discovered)
2. ¾ð¾î À¯Çü°ú ¾îÁ·(Language Typology and Language Families) 70
3. ºñÀα¸¾î(Non-Indo-European Languages) 72
4. Àα¸¾îÁ·ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ±¸ºÐ(Main Divisions of the Indo-European Group) 75
4.1. Àεµ-À̶õ¾î±º(Indo-Iranian)
4.2. ¾Æ¸£¸Þ´Ï¾Æ¾î±º°ú ¾Ë¹Ù´Ï¾Æ¾î±º(Armenian and Albanian)
4.3. ÅäÄ«¶ó¾î±º(Tocharian)
4.4. ¾Æ³ªÅ縮¾Æ¾î±º(Anatolian)
4.5. ¹ßÆ®-½½¶óºê¾î±º(Balto-Slavic)
4.6. Çï·¹³×¾î±º(Hellenic)
4.7. ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¾î±º(Italic)
4.8. ÄÌÆ®¾î±º(Celtic)
4.9. °Ô¸£¸¸¾î±º(Germanic)
5. Àα¸¾îÀÇ µ¿Á·¾î(Cognate Words in the Indo-European Languages) 85
6. Àα¸¾îÀÇ ±¼Àý(Inflection in the Indo-European Languages) 87
6.1. ÀϺΠµ¿»çÀÇ ±¼ÀýÇü(some verb inflections)
6.2. ÀϺΠ¸í»ç±¼ÀýÇü(some noun inflections)
7. Àα¸¾îÁ·ÀÇ ¾î¼ø(Word Order in the Indo-European Languages)` 91
8. Àα¸¾î¿¡¼­ °Ô¸£¸¸¾î·ÎÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä º¯È­(Major Changes from Indo-European to Germanic) 93
9. Á¦1Â÷ À½ÃßÀÌ(First Sound Shift) 95
9.1. ±×¸²ÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢(Grimm¡¯s law)
9.2. º£¸£³ÊÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢(Verner¡¯s law)
9.3. Á¦1Â÷ À½ÃßÀÌÀÇ ¼ø¼­(the sequence of the First Sound Shift)
10. ¼­°Ô¸£¸¸¾îÆÄ(West Germanic Languages) 100
11. Ãß°¡¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 102

Á¦5Àå¡¡°í´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±â(The Old English Period, 449-1100)
1. °í´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±âÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä »ç°Çµé(Some Key Events In the Old English Period) 105
2. ¾Þ±Û·Î»ö½¼Á·ÀÇ ¿ª»ç(History of the Anglo-Saxons) 106
2.1 ¿µ±¹¹Î ÀÌÀüÀÇ ºê¸®Æ°(Britain before the English)
2.2 ¿µ±¹¹ÎÀÇ µµ·¡(the coming of the English)
2.3. ºê¸®Æ°ÀÇ ¿µ±¹¹Î(the English in Britain)
2.4. Á¦1Â÷ ¹ÙÀÌÅ·ÀÇ Á¤º¹(the first Viking conquest)
2.5. Á¦2Â÷ ¹ÙÀÌÅ·ÀÇ Á¤º¹(the second Viking conquest)
2.6. ½ºÄ­µð³ªºñ¾ÆÀεéÀÇ ¿µ±¹ÀÎÈ­(the Scandinavians become English)
2.7. °í´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ È²±Ý±â(the golden age of Old English)
2.8. °í´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ¹æ¾ðµé(dialects of Old English)
3. °í´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ¹ßÀ½°ú öÀÚ(Pronunciation and Spelling) 116
3.1. ¸ðÀ½(vowels)
3.2. ÀÚÀ½(consonants)
3.3. ¼­Ã¼(handwriting)
3.4. °­¼¼(stress)
4. ¾îÈÖ(Vocabulary) 121
4.1. °Ô¸£¸¸¾îÀÇ ¾îÈÖ(the Germanic word stock)
4.2. °í´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ¼º(gender in Old English)
5. ¹®¹ý°ú ÀÏÄ¡ ±×¸®°í ±¼Àý(Grammar, Concord and Inflection) 123
5.1. ±¼Àý(inflection)
6. ¸í»ç(Nouns) 125
6.1. i-¸ðÀ½º¯ÀÌ`(i-umlaut)
6.2. °Ý°ú ¼öÀÇ Çö´ëÀû À¯¹°(modern survivals of case and number)
7. ¼ö½Ä¾î(Modifiers) 129
7.1. Áö½Ã»ç(demonstratives)
7.2. Çü¿ë»ç(adjectives)
7.3. ºÎ»ç(adverbs)
8. ´ë¸í»ç(Pronouns) 132
8.1. ÀÎĪ´ë¸í»ç(personal pronouns)
8.2. Àǹ®´ë¸í»ç¿Í °ü°è´ë¸í»ç(interrogative and relative pronouns)
9. µ¿»ç(Verbs) 135
9.1. µ¿»çÀÇ Á÷¼³¹ý ÇüÅÂ(indicative forms of verbs)
9.2. °¡Á¤¹ý°ú ¸í·É¹ý ÇüÅÂ(subjunctive and imperative forms)
9.3. ºñÇÑÁ¤Àû ÇüÅÂ(nonfinite forms)
9.4. ¾àº¯È­ µ¿»ç(weak verbs)
9.5. °­º¯È­ µ¿»ç(strong verbs)
9.6. °ú°ÅÇöÀ絿»ç(preterit-present verbs)
9.7. º¸ÃæÇü µ¿»ç(suppletive verbs)
10. ±¸¹®·Ð(Syntax) 141
11. °í´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ¿¹½Ã(Old English Illustrated) 144
12. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 147

Á¦6Àå¡¡Áß¼¼¿µ¾î ½Ã±â(The Middle English Period, 1100-1500)
1. Áß¼¼¿µ¾î ½Ã±âÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä »ç°Çµé(Some Key Events In the Middle English Period) 149
2. ³ë¸£¸¸ Á¤º¹ÀÇ ¹è°æ(The Background of the Norman Conquest) 150
3. ¿µ¾îÀÇ ÀçÁö¹è(The Reascendancy of English) 152
4. ¾îÈÖ¿¡ ¹ÌÄ£ ¿Ü±¹¾îÀÇ ¿µÇâ`(Foreign Influences on Vocabulary) 153
5. Áß¼¼¿µ¾îÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ(Middle English Spelling) 154
5.1. ÀÚÀ½(consonants)
5.2. ¸ðÀ½(vowels)
6. ·±´ø Ç¥ÁؾîÀÇ ÃâÇö(The Rise of a London Standard) 159
7. ¹ßÀ½ÀÇ º¯È­(Changes in Pronunciation) 163
7.1. ÁÖ¿ä ÀÚÀ½ÀÇ º¯È­(principal consonant changes)
7.2. Áß¼¼¿µ¾îÀÇ ¸ðÀ½(Middle English vowels)
7.3. ÀÌÁ߸ðÀ½ÀÇ º¯È­(changes in diphthongs)
7.4. ¸ðÀ½ÀÇ ÀåÀ½È­¿Í ´ÜÀ½È­(lengthening and shortening of vowels)
7.5. ºñ°­¼¼ ¸ðÀ½ÀÇ ¼öÆòÈ­(leveling of unstressed vowels)
7.6. ¾î¸» À½Àý¿¡¼­ÀÇ ½´¿ÍÀÇ ¼Ò½Ç(loss of schwa in final syllables)
8. ¹®¹ýÀÇ º¯È­(Changes in Grammar) 171
8.1. ±¼ÀýÇüÀÇ °¨¼Ò(reduction of inflections)
8.2. ¹®¹ý¼ºÀÇ ¼Ò½Ç(loss of grammatical gender)
9. ¸í»ç, ´ë¸í»ç, Çü¿ë»ç(Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives) 173
9.1. ¸í»çÀÇ ±¼Àý(the inflection of nouns)
9.2. ÀÎĪ´ë¸í»ç(personal pronouns)
9.3. Áö½Ã´ë¸í»ç(demonstrative pronouns)
9.4. Àǹ®´ë¸í»ç¿Í °ü°è´ë¸í»ç(interrogative and relative pronouns)
9.5. ºñ±³±Þ°ú ÃÖ»ó±Þ Çü¿ë»ç(comparative and superlative adjectives)
10. µ¿»ç(Verbs) 178
10.1. ÀÎξî¹Ì(personal endings)
10.2. ºÐ»ç(participles)
11. ¾î¼ø(Word Order) 180
12. Áß¼¼¿µ¾îÀÇ ¿¹½Ã(Middle English Illustrated) 181
13. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 183

Á¦7Àå¡¡ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±â:»çȸ, öÀÚ ¹× ¼Ò¸®(The Early Modern English Period, 1500-1800 : Society, Spellings, and Sounds)
1. ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±âÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä »ç°Çµé(Some Key Events in the Early Modern English Period) 185
2. Áß¼¼¿µ¾î¿¡¼­ Çö´ë¿µ¾î·ÎÀÇ °úµµ±â(The Transition from Middle to Modern English) 187
2.1. ¿µ¾î¾îÈÖÀÇ È®´ë(expansion of the English language)
2.2. ¹ßÀ½ÀÇ Çõ½Å°ú öÀÚÀÇ ºÒº¯(innovation of pronunciation and conservation of spelling)
3. ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ Á¤ÀÚ¹ý(The Orthography of Early Modern English) 188
4. ´ë¸ðÀ½ÃßÀÌ(The Great Vowel Shift) 192
5. ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðÀ½µé(Other Vowels) 196
5.1. °­¼¼°¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ü¸ðÀ½(stressed short vowels)
5.2. ÀÌÁ߸ðÀ½(diphthongs)
5.3. ¸ðÀ½ÀÇ À½·®º¯È­(quantitative vowel changes)
6. ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ÀÚÀ½(Early Modern English Consonants) 199
7. ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾î ¹ßÀ½ÀÇ Áõ°Å(Evidence for Early Modern Pronunciation) 201
7.1. °­¼¼(stress)
7.2. Çй®Àû ¿¬±¸(scholarly studies)
8. ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ¿¹½Ã(Early Modern English Illustrated) 203
8.1. öÀÚ(spelling)
8.2. ¹ßÀ½(pronunciation)
9. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 207

Á¦8Àå¡¡ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±â : ÇüÅÂ, ±¸¹® ¹× ¿ë¹ý(The Early Modern English Period, 1500 - 1800 : Forms, Syntax and Usage)1. ¾ð¾îÀÇ ¿¬±¸(The Study of Language) 210
1.1 ÃʱâÀÇ »çÀüµé (early dictionaries)
1.2. ¹®¹ý°ú ¿ë¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 18¼¼±âÀÇ Åµµ(eighteenth-century attitudes toward grammar and usage)
2. ¸í»ç(Nouns) 215
2.1. ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ º¹¼öÇü(irregular plurals)
2.2. His-¼Ó°Ý(his-genitive)
2.3. ±º¼Ó°Ý(group genitive)
2.4. ºñ±¼Àý ¼Ó°Ý(uninflected genitive)
3. Çü¿ë»ç¿Í ºÎ»ç(Adjectives and Adverbs) 219
4. ´ë¸í»ç(Pronouns) 220
4.1. ÀÎĪ´ë¸í»ç(personal pronouns)
4.2. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç¿Í Àǹ®´ë¸í»ç(relative and interrogative pronouns)
4.3. ´ë¸í»çÀÇ °ÝÇüŵé(case forms of the pronouns)
5. µ¿»ç(Verbs) 229
5.1. 7°¡Áö °­º¯È­µ¿»ç ºÎ·ù(classes of strong verbs)
5.2. ÀÎΰú ¼öÀÇ ¾î¹Ì(endings for person and number)
5.3. Ãà¾àÇü(contracted forms)
5.4. µ¿»çÀÇ È®ÀåÇü(expanded verb forms)
5.5 ´Ù¸¥ µ¿»ç±¸¹®µé(other verbal constructions)
6. ÀüÄ¡»ç(Prepositions) 240
7. ÃʱâÇö´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ Ãß°¡¿¹½Ã¹®(Early Modern English Further Illustrated) 241
8. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 242

Á¦9Àå¡¡ÈıâÇö´ë¿µ¾î(Late Modern English, 1800-21st Century)
1. ÈıâÇö´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±âÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä »ç°Çµé(Some Key Events in the Late Modern Period) 243
2. ¿µ¾îÀÇ ±¹°¡ º¯À̵é(The National Varieties of English) 245
2.1. ¹Ì±¹¿µ¾îÀÇ º¸¼ö¼º°ú Çõ½Å¼º(conservatism and innovation in American English)
3. ¾îÈÖ¼±Åÿ¡¼­ÀÇ ±¹°¡Àû Â÷ÀÌ(National Differences in Word Choice) 248
3.1. ¿µ±¹¿µ¾î ¾îÈÖÀÇ ¹Ì±¹¾î ħÅõ(American infiltration of the British word stock)
4. ±¸¹®·Ð ¹× ¾îÇü·Ð »óÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ(Syntactical and Morphological Differences) 252
5. ¿µ±¹°ú ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¾ð¾î¼ø¼öÁÖÀÇ(British and American Purism) 253
5.1. »çÀü°ú »ç½Ç(dictionaries and the facts)
6. ¹ßÀ½ÀÇ ±¹°¡Àû Â÷ÀÌ(National Difference in Pronunciation) 256
7. ¿µ±¹°ú ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ(British and American Spelling) 260
8. ±¹°¡ º¯À̳»ÀÇ º¯ÀÌÇü(Variation Within National Varieties) 262
8.1. º¯ÀÌÇüÀÇ Á¾·ù(kinds of variation)
8.2. Áö¿ª¹æ¾ð(regional dialects)
8.3. ÀÎÁ¾¹æ¾ð°ú »çȸ¹æ¾ð(ethnic and social dialects)
8.4. ¹®Ã¼ÀÇ º¯ÀÌÇü(stylistic variation)
8.5. ¿µ±¹¿µ¾î ³»ÀÇ º¯ÀÌÇü(variation within British English)
9. ¼¼°èÀÇ ¿µ¾î(World English) 267
9.1. ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå ¿µ¾î(lrish English)
9.2. Àεµ ¿µ¾î(Indian English)
10. ¸ðµç ¿µ¾îÀÇ º»ÁúÀûÀÎ ´ÜÀϼº(The Essential Oneness of All English) 272
11. Ãß°¡¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 272

Á¦10Àå¡¡´Ü¾î¿Í ÀǹÌ(Words and Meaning)
1. Àǹ̷аú ÀǹÌÀÇ º¯È­(Semantics and Change of Meaning) 279
1.1. °¡º¯ÀûÀÌ¸ç ¾Ö¸ÅÇÑ ÀǹÌ(variable and vague meanings)
1.2. ¾î¿ø°ú ÀǹÌ(etymology and meaning)
1.3. Àǹ̺¯È­ÀÇ ¹æ½Ä(how meaning changes)
2. ÀǹÌÀÇ ÀϹÝÈ­¿Í Ư¼öÈ­(Generalization and Specialization) 282
3. ÀǹÌÀÇ ÀüÀÌ(Transfer of Meaning) 284
3.1. °³³äÀÇ ¿¬»ó(association of ideas)
3.2. ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾îµé·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ÀüÀÌ(transfer from other languages)
3.3 ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ ¿¬»ó(sound association)
4. ÀǹÌÀÇ ¾ÇÈ­¿Í ¾çÈ­(Pejoration and Amelioration) 287
5. ±Ý±â¿Í ¿Ï°î¾î(Taboo and Euphemism) 289
6. °­Á¶¾îÀÇ ¿î¸í(The Fate of Intensifying Words) 292
7. ÀϺΠÀǹ̺¯È­ÀÇ È¯°æ(Some Circumstances of Semantic Change) 294
7.1. Çмú¾î¿¡¼­ ±â¿øÇÑ ´Ü¾îÀÇ À¯Çà(the vogue for words of learned origin)
7.2. ¾ð¾î¿Í ÀǹÌÇ¥½Ã(language and semantic marking)
8. Àǹ̺¯È­ÀÇ ºÒ°¡ÇǼº(Semantic Change is Inevitable) 300
9. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 301

Á¦11Àå¡¡°í´ë¾î¿¡¼­ ¿Â »õ·Î¿î ´Ü¾îµé(New Words from Old)
1. ´Ü¾îÀÇ Ã¢Á¶(Creating Words) 30
1.1 ¾î±Ù âÁ¶(root creations)
1.2. ÀǼº¾î(echoic words)
1.3. »çÃâ¾î(ejaculations)
2. ´Ü¾îÀÇ °áÇÕ: º¹ÇÕ(Combining Words: Compounding) 307
2.1. º¹ÇÕ¾îÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ¿Í ¹ßÀ½(spelling and pronunciation of compounds)
2.2. À¶ÇÕº¹ÇÕ¾î(amalgamated compounds)
2.3. º¹ÇÕ¾îÀÇ ±â´É°ú ±¸¼º(function and form of compounds)
3. ´Ü¾î ºÎºÐÀÇ °áÇÕ: Á¢»ç÷°¡(Combining Word Parts: Affixing) 311
3.1. °í´ë¿µ¾î¿¡¼­ ¿Â Á¢»ç(affixes from Old English)
3.2. ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾î¿¡¼­ ¿Â Á¢»ç(affixes from other languages)
3.3. À¯ÇàÇÏ´Â Á¢»ç(voguish affixes)
4. ´Ü¾îÀÇ ´ÜÃà(Shortening Words) 318
4.1. Àý´ÜÇü(clipped forms)
4.2. ¸Ó¸®±ÛÀÚ: ¾ËÆÄºª¸Ó¸®±ÛÀÚ¿Í µÎ¹®ÀÚ¾î(initialisms: alphabetisms and acronyms)
4.3. ¾îµÎÀ½°ú ¾îµÎÀ½ ¼Ò½ÇÀÇ Çüŵé(apheretic and aphetic forms)
4.4. ¿ªÇü¼º¾î(back formations)
5. ´Ü¾îÀÇ È¥¼º(Blending Words) 324
5.1. È¥¼º¿¡¼­ ¿Â »õ·Î¿î ÇüżÒ(new morphemes from blending)
5.2. ¹Î°£¾î¿ø(folk etymology)
6. ´Ü¾îÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ±â´ÉÀüȯ(Shifting Words to New Uses) 328
6.1. ǰ»çÀÇ Àüȯ(one part of speech to another)
6.2. °íÀ¯¸í»ç¿¡¼­ ¿Â º¸Åë¸í»ç(common words from proper names)
7. »õ·Î¿î ´Ü¾îÀÇ Ãâó(Sources of New Words) 332
7.1. »õ·Î¿î ´Ü¾îµéÀÇ ºÐÆ÷(distribution of new words)
8. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 334

Á¦12Àå¡¡¿µ¾î¾îÈÖÀÇ ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿ä¼Ò(Foreign Elements in the English Word Stock)
0.1. ¹ÎÁßÂ÷¿ë¾î¿Í ÇмúÂ÷¿ë¾î(popular and learned loanwords)
1. ¶óƾ¾î¿Í ±×¸®½º¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Latin and Greek Loanwords) 337
1.1. °Ô¸£¸¸¾î ½Ã±âÀÇ ¶óƾ¾î ¿µÇâ(Latin influence in the Germanic period)
1.2. °í´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ¶óƾ¾î ¾îÈÖ(Latin words in Old English)
1.3. Áß¼¼¿µ¾î ½Ã±â¿¡ Â÷¿ëµÈ ¶óƾ¾î ¾îÈÖ(Latin words borrowed in Middle English times)
1.4. Çö´ë¿µ¾î ½Ã±â¿¡ Â÷¿ëµÈ ¶óƾ¾î ¾îÈÖ(Latin words borrowed in Modern English times)
1.5. ±×¸®½º¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Greek loanwords)
2. ÄÌÆ®¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Celtic Loanwords) 342
3. ½ºÄ­µð³ªºñ¾Æ¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Scandinavian Loanwords) 343
3.1. °í´ë ¹× Áß¼¼¿µ¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Old and Middle English borrowings)
3.2. Çö´ë¿µ¾îÀÇ ½ºÄ­µð³ªºñ¾Æ¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Modern English borrowings)
4. ÇÁ¶û½º¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(French Loanwords) 345
4.1. Áß¼¼¿µ¾îÀÇ ÇÁ¶û½º¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Middle English borrowings)
4.2. ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ÇÁ¶û½º¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(later French loanwords)
5. ½ºÆäÀξî¿Í Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Spanish and Portuguese Loanwords) 351
6. ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(Italian Loanwords) 352
7. µ¶ÀϾî Â÷¿ë¾î(German Loanwords) 353
7.1. ÀúÁöµ¶ÀϾî Â÷¿ë¾î(loanwords from Low German)
7.2. °íÁöµ¶ÀϾî Â÷¿ë¾î(loanwords from High German)
8. µ¿¾ç¿¡¼­ ¿Â Â÷¿ë¾î(Loanwords from the East) 358
8.1. ±Ùµ¿(Near East)
8.2. À̶õ°ú Àεµ(Iran and India)
8.3. ±Øµ¿ ¹× ¿À½ºÆ®¶ö¶ó½Ã¾Æ(far east and Australasia)
9. ´Ù¸¥ Ãâóµé(Other Sources) 361
9.1. ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¾î Â÷¿ë¾î(loanwords from African languages)
9.2. ½½¶óºê¾î, Çë°¡¸®¾î, ÅÍŰ¾î, Àεð¾ð¾î(Slavic, Hungarian, Turkish, and American lndian)
10. ÃÖ±Ù Â÷¿ë¾îÀÇ Ãâó(The Sources of Recent Loanwords) 363
11. ¿µ¾îÀÇ ºÒº¯¼º(English remains English) 363
12. Ãß°¡ ¹®Çå(For Further Reading) 364

Âü°í¹®Çå 367
¿ë¾î ÇØ¼³ 379
ã¾Æº¸±â(ÇѱÛ) 397
ã¾Æº¸±â(¿µ¾î) 409

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